DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION: HOW DOES IT CONTROL MOVEMENT IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE?

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) involves implanting electrodes into the basal ganglia of the brain. Dysregulation of neuronal activity in these structures is considered to be the cause of movement disorders. DBS is used for many movement disorders (Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, tics, tardive dyskinesia, etc.), mental, behavioral and affective disorders (depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, etc.), as well as for severe pain syndromes resistant to drug therapy. However, the mechanisms of DBS action are not fully understood. Currently, various theories and hypotheses are being considered to explain the mechanism of its therapeutic effect: frequency model, "jamming" theory, hypotheses about the effect on neurogenesis, astrocyte activity, increased cerebral blood flow, electrotaxis, etc.